Context (language use)
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encyclopedia
Context is a notion used in the language sciences (linguistics,
sociolinguistics, systemic functional linguistics,
discourse analysis, pragmatics, semiotics, etc.) in two different ways, namely as
- verbal context
- social context
Verbal
context refers to surrounding text or talk
of an expression (word, sentence, conversational turn, speech act, etc.). The
idea is that verbal context influences the way we understand the expression.
Hence the norm not to cite people out of context. Since much contemporary
linguistics takes texts, discourses or conversations as its object of analysis,
the modern study of verbal context takes place in terms of the analysis of
discourse structures and their mutual relationships, for instance the coherence relation between sentences.
Traditionally,
in sociolinguistics, social contexts were defined in terms of objective
social variables, such as those of class, gender or race. More recently, social
contexts tend to be defined in terms of the social identity being construed and
displayed in text and talk by language users.
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