Syntax course

COMPLEMENT AND ADJUNCT

Pada kelas yang lain Complement dan Adjuncts dibedakan dari Determinator. Berikut ini perbedaannya.

(a) Determinator memperluas N-bar ke dalam N-double-bar

(b) Adjuncts memperluas N-bar ke dalam N-bar

(c) Complement memperluas N ke dalam N-bar

Ketiganya dapat dibuat skema sebagai berikut ini.

N’’ à Determinator N’

N’  àAdjunct

N   à Complement

Berdasarkan skema di atas, Kaidah Strktur Frasa dapat diturunkan menjadi Determinator, Adjunct, dan Complement.

(i) N’’  à D N [Kaidah Determinator]

(ii) N’  à N’PP [Kaidah Adjunct]

(iii) N’ à N PP [Kaidah Complement]

COMPLEMENT

Complement is a phrasal or clausal category which is selected (subcategorized) by the head of a phrase or postnominal which obligatory. It is usually direct object of a transitive verb is obligatory. The example:

A student [of Physics] à Complement

Bentuk NP [a student of Physics] dapat diparafrasekan menjadi konstruksi berikut ini.

(a) He is [a student of Physics].

(b) He is [studying Physics].

ADJUNCT

Adjunct is usually consists of additional information like description of the time, place, besides postnominal which is not obligatory or not attached in Head of NP.

The example addition information like:

Temporal 

Temporal adjuncts establish when, for how long or how often a state or action happened or existed:

^Ø    He arrived yesterday. (time point)

^Ø    He stayed for two weeks. (duration)

^Ø    She drinks in that bar every day. (frequency)

Locative 

Locative adjuncts establish where, to where or from where a state or action happened or existed.

Ø  She sat on the table. (locative)

Modicative 

Modicative adjuncts establish how the action happened or the state existed, or modifying its scope.

Ø  He ran with difficulty. (manner)

Ø  He stood in silence. (state)

Ø  He helped me with my homework. (limiting)

Causal 

Causal adjuncts establish the reason for, or purpose of, an action or state.

Ø  The ladder collapsed because it was old. (reason)

Ø  She went out to buy some bread. (purpose)

Instrumental 

Instrumental adjuncts establish the instrument of the action.

Ø  Mr. Bibby wrote the letter with a pencil.

Conditional 

Conditional adjuncts establish the condition in which a sentence becomes true.

Ø  I would go to Paris, if I had the money.

Concessive 

Concessive adjuncts establish the contrary circumstances.

Ø  Lorna went out although it was raining.